2012/10/19 by Ajay K. Poddar, Ulrich L. Rohde · 1 citation
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies #Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design #Mechanical and Optical Resonators
paper · doi:10.1002/047134608x.w8154
openalex publication_date 2012/10/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/14
Abstract As a result of high Q ‐factor and temperature‐stable properties, quartz crystal oscillators have been important clock sources in consumer, commercial, industrial, and military products for many years. This contribution is devoted to crystal oscillator theory for reference frequency signal source applications. This article discusses the behavior of crystal over temperature and aging, selection of modes, start‐up dynamics, and noise‐minimization techniques for the applications in current and later generation communication systems. Several practical examples are demonstrated and validated with simulated and measured results for the benefit of readers.