2011/04/21 by Edwin J. P. van Asseldonk, Edwin J.P. van Asseldonk, Rinke Stienstra +4 · 28 citations
Medicine · #Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases #Adipose tissue #Anakinra #C-reactive protein #Crossover study #Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins #Endocrinology #HIV-related health complications and treatments #Inflammation #Insulin #Insulin resistance #Internal medicine #Medicine #Metabolic syndrome #Obesity #Pathology #Placebo
paper · pdf · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2992
openalex publication_date 2011/04/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
CONTEXT: Obesity induces low-grade inflammation that may promote the development of insulin resistance. IL-1 is one of the key inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to demonstrate improvement of insulin sensitivity by blocking IL-1. DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. SETTING: The study was based on ambulatory care. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included nondiabetic, obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome. INTERVENTION: Intervention included 150 mg anakinra sc once daily or matching placebo for 4 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Insulin sensitivity as measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. RESULTS: A total of 13 of 19 subjects completed the study. Although anakinra treatment resulted in a significantly lower level of inflammation illustrated by a reduction in circulating C-reactive protein concentrations and leukocyte numbers, insulin sensitivity was not significantly different after anakinra treatment (2.8 × 10(-2) ± 0.5 × 10(-2)) compared with placebo treatment (2.4 × 10(-2) ± 0.3 × 10(-2) μmol/kg(-1) · min(-1) · pmol(-1), P = 0.15). Adipose tissue examination, performed to analyze local effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist, showed an increased influx of macrophages after treatment with anakinra most likely due to an injection site reaction caused by the vehicle (0.28 ± 0.05 vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 macrophages per adipocyte, P = 0.005). The differences in individual subject insulin sensitivity after anakinra as compared with placebo between subjects were negatively correlated with macrophage infiltration into the adipose tissue (r(2) = 0.46, P = 0.01). The disposition index increased significantly after anakinra treatment (P = 0.04), reflecting an improvement in β-cell function. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that anakinra does not improve insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects.