2014/07/17 by Dianmin Lin, Pengyu Fan, Erez Hasman +1 · 6 citations
Materials Science · Engineering · #Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications #Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies #Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
paper · doi:10.1126/science.1253213
openalex publication_date 2014/07/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Gradient metasurfaces are two-dimensional optical elements capable of manipulating light by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on an incident electromagnetic wave. These surfaces have thus far been constructed from nanometallic optical antennas, and high diffraction efficiencies have been limited to operation in reflection mode. We describe the experimental realization and operation of dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements capable of also achieving high efficiencies in transmission mode in the visible spectrum. Ultrathin gratings, lenses, and axicons have been realized by patterning a 100-nanometer-thick Si layer into a dense arrangement of Si nanobeam antennas. The use of semiconductors can broaden the general applicability of gradient metasurfaces, as they offer facile integration with electronics and can be realized by mature semiconductor fabrication technologies.