2002/05/31 by Donald P. McDonnell, John D. Norris · 2 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Estrogen and related hormone effects #Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress #RNA Research and Splicing
paper · doi:10.1126/science.1071884
openalex publication_date 2002/05/31 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of particular importance: (i) There are two genetically and functionally distinct estrogen receptors that have distinct expression patterns in vivo; (ii) the positive and negative transcriptional activities of these receptors require them to engage transcription cofactors (coactivators or corepressors) in target cells; and (iii) not all cofactors are functionally equivalent, nor are they expressed in the same manner in all cells. Thus, although the estrogen receptor is required for a cell to respond to an estrogenic stimulus, the nature and extent of that response are determined by the proteins, pathways, and processes with which the receptor interacts.