The Active vs. Passive Convert: Paradigm Conflict in Conversion/Recruitment Research

1985/06/01 by James T. Richardson · 6 citations
Social Sciences · #Political science #Religion and Society Interactions #Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology #Sociology #Workplace Spirituality and Leadership

paper · doi:10.2307/1386340

openalex publication_date 1985/06/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/08

Abstract

Conversion/recruitment research has been guided for years by a traditional paradigm assuming a passive subject being converted by external powers over which no control is possible. The traditional model is also quite psychological and deterministic. A new or alternative paradigm has been developing, derived mainly from studies of recruitment to new religions. It posits a more active, meaning-seeking subject who exercises volition in deciding to convert to a new religion. The conflict between the new and the old paradigms is discussed including characterizing the so-called brainwashing model as a modern variant of the traditional paradigm. Also, the idea of an alternative conversion paradigm is contrasted to other theoretical perspectives from recent papers by Lofland and Skonovd and by Long and Hadden.

Citations

• Deprogramming, Brainwashing and the Medicalization of Deviant Religious Groups

Cited by

• “Quo Vadis” the Scientific Study of New Religious Movements?
• Scaling Heaven's Gate: Individualism and Salvation in a New Religious Movement
• RESEARCH: "Religious Conversion and Perceived Childhood Attachment: A Meta-Analysis"
• Attachment Theory and Religion: Childhood Attachments, Religious Beliefs, and Conversion
• “Brainwashing” Theories in European Parliamentary and Administrative Reports on “Cults” and “Sects”
• Brainwashing [wikipedia]