2004/01/01 by A. Comastri, Andrea Comastri · 4 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Active galactic nucleus #Astronomy #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Galaxy #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Optics #Physics #X-ray #X-ray background #astro-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2471-9_8
28 pages, 10 figures. Review for "Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe", Ed. A. J. Barger, Kluwer Academic
openalex publication_date 2004/01/01 · arxiv created 2004/03/30 · arxiv updated 2016/01/27 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The spectrum of the hard X-ray background records the history of accretion processes integrated over the cosmic time. Several pieces of observational and theoretical evidence indicate that a significant fraction of the energy density is obscured by large columns of gas and dust. The absorbing matter is often very thick, with column densities exceeding NH > 1.5 1024 cm-2, the value corresponding to unity optical depth for Compton scattering. These sources are called ``Compton thick'' and appear to be very numerous, at least in the nearby universe. Although Compton thick Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are thought to provide an important contribution to the overall cosmic energy budget, their space density and cosmological evolution are poorly known. The properties of Compton thick AGN are reviewed here, with particular emphasis on their contributions to the extragalactic background light in the hard X-ray and infrared bands.