2014/07/26 by R. Riaz, Suhail Zaki Farooqui, S. Z. Farooqui +1 · 12 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Physics and Astronomy · #Adiabatic process #Advanced Chemical Physics Studies #Amplitude #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies #Binary number #High-pressure geophysics and materials #Isothermal process #Low Mass #Molecular cloud #Perturbation (astronomy) #Physics #Protostar #Star formation #Stars #Stellar density #Thermal #Thermodynamics #astro-ph.SR
paper · pdf · open access · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1498
published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444(2), 1189-1204 (Oxford University Press) · Accepted for publication in MNRAS
arxiv created 2014/07/26 · openalex publication_date 2014/08/27 · arxiv updated 2015/06/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
We report the results of a numerical study on the initial formation stages of low-mass protostellar binary systems. We determine the separation of protostellar binaries formed as a function of the initial thermal state by varying the initial temperature in a slightly modified version of the Burkert and Bodenheimer collapse test. We find that the outcome is highly sensitive to both the initial temperature of the cloud and the initial amplitude of azimuthal density perturbation A. For A=10 %, variations of only 1 unit Kelvin below 10 K lead to changes of up to 100 AU ( i.e. of order 30 %) in the instantaneous separation, whereas for this small A the initial temperatures above 10 K yield, instead of a binary, a single low-mass fragment that never reaches protostellar densities. Protostellar binaries, however, do emerge when the perturbation amplitude is increased from 10 % to 25 %. We also investigate the impact of the critical density which governs the transition from isothermal to adiabatic thermodynamic behaviour of the collapsing gas. We find that the critical density not only affects the overall structural evolution of the gas envelope, but also the size of the rotating disk structures formed during collapse as well as the number of protostellar fragments resulting from the final fragmentation of the disks. This mechanism can give rise to young protostellar objects constituting bound multiple stellar systems.