1997/12/18 by Andrew Gray, Gray, Andrew
Medicine · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Biofield Effects and Biophysics #FOS: Physical sciences #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Quantum Physics (quant-ph) #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9712037
21 pages, 7 figures The theory in this version is the same as in the original, however presentation has been improved, additional points discussed, and minor errors corrected
openalex publication_date 1997/12/18 · arxiv created 2004/08/08 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
A new formulation of quantum mechanics is developed which does not require the concept of the wave-particle duality. Rather than assigning probabilities to outcomes, probabilities are instead assigned to entire fine-grained histories. The formulation is fully relativistic and applicable to multi-particle systems. It shall be shown that this new formulation makes the same experimental predictions as quantum field theory, but without having to rely upon the notion of a system evolving in a superposition of quantum states until collapsed by an observation. It is thus free from the problem of deciding what exactly constitutes an observation (the measurement problem) and may therefore be applied just as readily to the macroscopic world as to the microscopic.