2011/05/04 by Anthony H. D. Graham, Jon Robbins, Chris Bowen +1 · 2 citations
Neuroscience · Engineering · #Neuroscience and Neural Engineering #Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design #Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
paper · pdf · doi:10.3390/s110504943
openalex publication_date 2011/05/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
The adaptation of standard integrated circuit (IC) technology as a transducer in cell-based biosensors in drug discovery pharmacology, neural interface systems and electrophysiology requires electrodes that are electrochemically stable, biocompatible and affordable. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) IC technology does not meet the first of these requirements. For devices intended only for research, modification of CMOS by post-processing using cleanroom facilities has been achieved. However, to enable adoption of CMOS as a basis for commercial biosensors, the economies of scale of CMOS fabrication must be maintained by using only low-cost post-processing techniques. This review highlights the methodologies employed in cell-based biosensor design where CMOS-based integrated circuits (ICs) form an integral part of the transducer system. Particular emphasis will be placed on the application of multi-electrode arrays for in vitro neuroscience applications. Identifying suitable IC packaging methods presents further significant challenges when considering specific applications. The various challenges and difficulties are reviewed and some potential solutions are presented.