2011/11/30 by M. Xu, S. Nagataki, Y. F. Huang +3
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors #Emission spectrum #Gamma-ray burst #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Photosphere #Radiation #Thermal #Thermal emission #Thermal radiation #astro-ph.HE
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/746/1/49
19 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
arxiv created 2011/11/30 · openalex publication_date 2012/01/24 · arxiv updated 2015/06/03 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
We show that the photospheres of "failed" gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), whose bulk Lorentz factors are much lower than 100, can be outside of internal shocks. The resulting radiation from the photospheres is thermal and bright in the UV/soft X-ray band. The photospheric emission lasts for about 1000 s with a luminosity about several times 10 46 erg s −1 . These events can be observed by current and future satellites. It is also shown that the afterglows of failed GRBs are peculiar at the early stage, which makes it possible to distinguish failed GRBs from ordinary GRBs and beaming-induced orphan afterglows.