2008/01/18 by Alexander L. Fetter · 3 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #cond-mat.stat-mech
paper · pdf · doi:10.1007/s11490-008-1001-6
published as Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 647 (2009). · 44 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics
arxiv created 2008/01/18 · arxiv updated 2015/05/12
After reviewing the ideal Bose-Einstein gas in a box and in a harmonic trap, I discuss the effect of interactions on the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), along with the dynamics of small-amplitude perturbations (the Bogoliubov equations). When the condensate rotates with angular velocity Omega, one or several vortices nucleate, with many observable consequences. With more rapid rotation, the vortices form a dense triangular array, and the collective behavior of these vortices has additional experimental implications. For Omega near the radial trap frequency omegaperp, the lowest-Landau-level approximation becomes applicable, providing a simple picture of such rapidly rotating condensates. Eventually, as Omega approaches omegaperp, the rotating dilute gas is expected to undergo a quantum phase transition from a superfluid to various highly correlated (nonsuperfluid) states analogous to those familiar from the fractional quantum Hall effect for electrons in a strong perpendicular magnetic field.