2015/03/18 by Joohoon Kang, Joshua D. Wood, Spencer A. Wells +4 · 747 citations
Chemistry · Engineering · Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #2D Materials and Applications #Analytical Chemistry (journal) #Anhydrous #Chemical engineering #Chemistry #Exfoliation joint #Graphene #MXene and MAX Phase Materials #Materials science #Nanosheet #Nanotechnology #Optics #Organic chemistry #Perovskite Materials and Applications #Phosphorene #Raman spectroscopy #Solvent #Transmission electron microscopy #X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy #cond-mat.mtrl-sci
paper · pdf · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b01143
published in ACS Nano 9(4), 3596-3604 (American Chemical Society) · 6 figures, 31 pages, including supporting information
openalex publication_date 2015/03/18 · arxiv created 2015/05/05 · arxiv updated 2015/05/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Solution dispersions of two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)--often referred to as phosphorene--are achieved by solvent exfoliation. These pristine, electronic-grade BP dispersions are produced with anhydrous organic solvents in a sealed-tip ultrasonication system, which circumvents BP degradation that would otherwise occur via solvated O2 or H2O. Among conventional solvents, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is found to provide stable, highly concentrated (∼0.4 mg/mL) BP dispersions. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the structure and chemistry of solvent-exfoliated BP nanosheets are comparable to mechanically exfoliated BP flakes. Additionally, residual NMP from the liquid-phase processing suppresses the rate of BP oxidation in ambient conditions. Solvent-exfoliated BP nanosheet field-effect transistors exhibit ambipolar behavior with current on/off ratios and mobilities up to ∼10(4) and ∼50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively. Overall, this study shows that stable, highly concentrated, electronic-grade 2D BP dispersions can be realized by scalable solvent exfoliation, thereby presenting opportunities for large-area, high-performance BP device applications.