2002/05/09 by Märtha Sund‐Levander, Christina Forsberg, Lis Karin Wahren · 4 citations
Medicine · #Hematological disorders and diagnostics #Infrared Thermography in Medicine #Thermal Regulation in Medicine
paper · doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x
crossref issued 2002/05/09 · crossref published 2002/05/09 · crossref published-online 2002/05/09 · openalex publication_date 2002/05/09 · crossref published-print 2002/06/01 · crossref created 2003/03/12 · crossref deposited 2023/10/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/14 · crossref indexed 2026/08/04
Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review The purpose of this study was to investigate normal body temperature in adult men and women. A systematic review of data was performed. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and manually from identified articles reference lists. Studies from 1935 to 1999 were included. Articles were classified as (1) strong, (2) fairly strong and (3) weak evidence. When summarizing studies with strong or fairly strong evidence the range for oral temperature was 33.2–38.2 °C, rectal: 34.4–37.8 °C, tympanic: 35.4– 37.8 °C and axillary: 35.5–37.0 °C. The range in oral temperature for men and women, respectively, was 35.7–37.7 and 33.2–38.1 °C, in rectal 36.7–37.5 and 36.8–37.1 °C, and in tympanic 35.5–37.5 and 35.7–37.5 °C. The ranges of normal body temperature need to be adjusted, especially for the lower values. When assessing body temperature it is important to take place of measurement and gender into consideration. Studies with random samples are needed to confirm the range of normal body temperature with respect to gender and age.