1999/06/02 by M. Fleck, Martin Fleck, H. O. Girotti
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algebra over a field #Artificial intelligence #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Class (philosophy) #Computer science #Construct (python library) #Embedding #Equivalence (formal languages) #Equivalence class (music) #Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications #Mathematics #Physics #Pure mathematics #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions #Theoretical physics #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1142/s0217751x99002025
published as Int.J.Mod.Phys.A14:4287-4312,1999 · 20 pages, latex, no figures. To be published in International Journal of Modern Physics A
arxiv created 1999/06/02 · openalex publication_date 1999/10/30 · arxiv updated 2014/11/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The embedding procedure of Batalin, Fradkin, and Tyutin, which allows us to convert a second-class system into a first-class one, is pushed beyond the formal level. We study nonrelativistic as well as relativistic systems. We explicitly construct, in all cases, the variables of the converted first-class theory in terms of those of the corresponding second-class one. Moreover, we only conclude about the equivalence between these two different kinds of theories after comparing their respective spectra of excitations.