Trimer superfluid induced by photoassocation on the state-dependent optical lattice

2014/05/26 by Wanzhou Zhang, Ran Li, W. X. Zhang +4
Physics and Astronomy · #Atom (system on chip) #Boson #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Condensed matter physics #Critical exponent #Mott insulator #Optical lattice #Phase (matter) #Phase diagram #Phase transition #Physics #Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism #Quantum mechanics #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #Superconductivity #Superfluidity #Trimer #cond-mat.quant-gas #cond-mat.stat-mech #cond-mat.str-el

paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.033622

published as Phys. Rev. A 90, 033622 (2014) · 9 pages, 8 figures

arxiv created 2014/05/26 · openalex publication_date 2014/09/22 · arxiv updated 2014/10/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

We use the mean-field method, the quantum Monte Carlo method and the density-matrix-renormalization-group method to study the trimer superfluid phase and the quantum phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model in a one-dimensional optical lattice, with an explicit trimer-tunneling term. Theoretically, we derive the explicit trimer hopping terms, such as a_i^3\ifmmode†\else\textdagger\fia_j³, by the Schrieffer-Wolf transformation. In practice, the trimer superfluid described by these terms is driven by photoassociation. The phase transition between the trimer superfluid phase and other phases are also studied. Without the on-site interaction, the phase transition between the trimer superfluid phase and the Mott insulator phase is continuous. Turning on the on-site interaction, the phase transitions are first order with Mott insulators of atoms filling 1 and 2. With nonzero atom tunneling, the phase transition is first order from the atom superfluid to the trimer superfluid. In the trimer superfluid phase, the winding numbers can be divided by three without any remainder. The power-law decay exponent is 1/2 for the nondiagonal correlation a_i^\ifmmode†\else\textdagger\fi3a_j³, i.e., the same as the exponent of the correlation a_i^\ifmmode†\else\textdagger\fia_j in hardcore bosons. The density-dependent atom-tunneling term n_i²a_i^\ifmmode†\else\textdagger\fia_j and pair-tunneling term n_ia_i^\ifmmode†\else\textdagger\fi2a_j² are also studied. With these terms, the phase transition from the empty phase to atom superfluid is first order and different from the cases without the density-dependent terms. The effects of finite three-body interactions and finite temperatures are also studied. Our results will be helpful in realizing the trimer superfluid by a cold-atom experiment.

Citations

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