2013/11/06 by P. Schellart, A. Nelles, S. Buitink +102 · 128 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Antenna (radio) #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Cosmic ray #Interferometry #LOFAR #Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology #Radio frequency #Radio spectrum #Radio telescope #Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics #Telescope #Very-long-baseline interferometry #astro-ph.HE #astro-ph.IM
paper · pdf · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322683
published in Astronomy and Astrophysics 560, A98 (EDP Sciences)
arxiv created 2013/11/06 · openalex publication_date 2013/11/07 · arxiv updated 2014/06/27 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first ~2 years of observing, 405 cosmic-ray events in the energy range of 1016−1018 eV have been detected in the band from 30−80 MHz. Each of these air showers is registered with up to ~1000 independent antennas resulting in measurements of the radio emission with unprecedented detail. This article describes the dataset, as well as the analysis pipeline, and serves as a reference for future papers based on these data. All steps necessary to achieve a full reconstruction of the electric field at every antenna position are explained, including removal of radio frequency interference, correcting for the antenna response and identification of the pulsed signal.