2013/06/30 by Sergio Dain, Marcus Khuri, Gilbert Weinstein +1
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Angular momentum #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Charge (physics) #Classical mechanics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Economics #Momentum (technical analysis) #Particle physics #Physics #Quantum electrodynamics #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #gr-qc #math-ph #math.DG #math.MP
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.024048
published as Phys. Rev. D 88, 024048 (2013) [7 pages] · 12 pages; section 2 revised; to appear in Phys. Rev. D
arxiv created 2013/07/05 · openalex publication_date 2013/07/26 · arxiv updated 2013/07/31 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The most general formulation of Penrose's inequality yields a lower bound for Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass in terms of the area, charge, and angular momentum of black holes. This inequality is in turn equivalent to an upper and lower bound for the area in terms of the remaining quantities. In this paper, we establish the lower bound for a single black hole in the setting of axisymmetric maximal initial data sets for the Einstein-Maxwell equations, when the non-electromagnetic matter fields are not charged and satisfy the dominant energy condition. It is shown that the inequality is saturated if and only if the initial data arise from the extreme Kerr-Newman spacetime. Further refinements are given when either charge or angular momentum vanish. Last, we discuss the validity of the lower bound in the presence of multiple black holes.