2022/05/07 by Ayala Amir, Amos Frumkin, Boaz Zissu +3 · 1 citation
Arts and Humanities · Earth and Planetary Sciences · #Archaeology and Historical Studies #Archaeology and ancient environmental studies #Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11651-5
openalex publication_date 2022/05/07 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Herod "the Great", king of Judea in the second half of the first century BC, was known for his building projects, wealth, and political power. Two of his personal calcite-alabaster bathtubs, found in the Kypros fortress and the palace of Herodium, are among the very limited archaeological evidence of his private life. It seemed plausible that they were imported from Egypt, the main source of calcite-alabaster in ancient periods. Yet, the recent identification of a calcite quarry in the Te'omim cave, Israel, challenges this hypothesis. Here, we developed an approach for identification of the source of calcite-alabaster, by combination of four analytical methods: ICP, FTIR, ssNMR and isotope ratio. These methods were then applied to Herod's bathtubs demonstrating that they were indeed quarried in Israel rather than in Egypt.