1987/01/01 by Dorit S. Hochbaum, David B. Shmoys · 5 citations
Engineering · Computer Science · #Optimization and Packing Problems #Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms #Optimization and Search Problems
paper · pdf · doi:10.1145/7531.7535
openalex publication_date 1987/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
The problem of scheduling a set of n jobs on m identical machines so as to minimize the makespan time is perhaps the most well-studied problem in the theory of approximation algorithms for NP-hard optimization problems. In this paper the strongest possible type of result for this problem, a polynomial approximation scheme, is presented. More precisely, for each ε, an algorithm that runs in time O (( n /ε) 1/ε 2 ) and has relative error at most ε is given. In addition, more practical algorithms for ε = 1/5 + 2 - k and ε = 1/6 + 2 - k , which have running times O ( n ( k + log n )) and O ( n ( km 4 + log n )) are presented. The techniques of analysis used in proving these results are extremely simple, especially in comparison with the baroque weighting techniques used previously. The scheme is based on a new approach to constructing approximation algorithms, which is called dual approximation algorithms, where the aim is to find superoptimal, but infeasible, solutions, and the performance is measured by the degree of infeasibility allowed. This notion should find wide applicability in its own right and should be considered for any optimization problem where traditional approximation algorithms have been particularly elusive.