2025/06/10 by Muthukrishnan Senthilkumar, Senthilkumar, Muthukrishnan, Aresh Dadlani +3 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Engineering · #Age of Information Optimization #FOS: Computer and information sciences #IoT Networks and Protocols #Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) #Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.09245
openalex publication_date 2025/06/10 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Stringent demands for timely information delivery, driven by the widespread adoption of real-time applications and the Internet of Things, have established the age of information (AoI) as a critical metric for quantifying data freshness. Existing AoI models often assume multi-hop communication networks with fully reliable nodes, which may not accurately capture scenarios involving node transmission failures. This paper presents an analytical framework for two configurations of tandem queue systems, where status updates generated by a single sensor are relayed to a destination monitor through unreliable intermediate nodes. Using the probability generating function, we first derive the sojourn time distribution for an infinite-buffer M/M/1 tandem system with two unreliable nodes. We then extend our analysis to an M/G/1 tandem system with an arbitrary number of unreliable nodes, employing the supplementary variable technique while assuming that only the first node has an infinite buffer. Numerical results demonstrate the impact of key system parameters on the average AoI in unreliable tandem queues with Markovian and non-Markovian service times.