Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. I. Matrix-flushing method for quantitative multicomponent analysis

1974/12/01 by F. H. Chung, Frank H. Chung · 1,217 citations
Arts and Humanities · Chemistry · Materials Science · Mathematics · #Arithmetic #Binary number #Chemistry #Chromatography #Computer science #Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis #Diffraction #Flushing #Interpretation (philosophy) #Mathematics #Matrix (chemical analysis) #Matrix method #Optics #Physics #Quantitative analysis (chemistry) #Simple (philosophy) #Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses #X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography

paper · doi:10.1107/s0021889874010375

published in Journal of Applied Crystallography 7(6), 519-525 (Wiley)

openalex publication_date 1974/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

A matrix-flushing method for quantitative multicomponent analysis by X-ray diffraction is reported. It is simpler and faster than, yet as reliable as, the conventional internal-standard method. In this new method, the calibration-curve procedure is shunted; a more fundamental `matrix-flushing' concept is introduced. The matrix-flushing theory gives an exact relationship between intensity and concentration free from matrix effect. Contrary to most theoretical methods the working equation is very simple, no complicated calculations are involved. The matrix-flushing theory and the analytical procedure are presented. Eight illustrative examples are drawn to demonstrate how this theory is applied to multicomponent analysis and amorphous-content determination. A novel `auto-flushing' phenomenon of binary systems was observed which appears to make the analysis of any binary system a simple matter.

Cited by

• Effects of citrate and fluoride on the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate
• Waste Classification of Slag Generated in a Pilot-Scale Entrained-Flow Gasifier
• A high-resolution record of climate variability and landscape response from Kettle Lake, northern Great Plains, North America
• Analcime-wairakite formation during experimental cement-bentonite alteration at 200–300 °C
• Provenance of the Neogene Shawan Formation in the Beisantai Uplift: Detrital zircon U–Pb constraints and implications for uranium mineralization
• Application of Box—Behnken Design to Modeling the Effect of Smectite Content on Swelling to Hydrocyclone Processing of Bentonites with Various Geologic Properties
• The art of building in the Roman period (89 B.C. – 79 A.D.): Mortars, plasters and mosaic floors from ancient Stabiae (Naples, Italy)
• Chapter 12.2 Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Clay Minerals
• Characterization and identification of Au pathfinder minerals from an artisanal mine site using X-ray diffraction
• A Macroporous Bioreactor Super Activated by the Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor-β(3). [europepmc]
• Multivariate Quantification of the Solid State Phase Composition of Co-Amorphous Naproxen-Indomethacin. [europepmc]
• Synthesis of Nanoscale CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O and Na₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O Using the Hydrothermal Method and Their Characterization. [europepmc]
• Corrosion mechanism and kinetics of Al-Zn coating deposited by arc thermal spraying process in saline solution at prolong exposure periods. [europepmc]
• Biocompatible Organic Coatings Based on Bisphosphonic Acid RGD-Derivatives for PEO-Modified Titanium Implants. [europepmc]
• Factors controlling the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates in Western China: implications for paleoclimate reconstructions. [europepmc]
• Effect of Wood Biomass Ash Storage on the Properties of Cement Composites. [europepmc]
• Photoinduced Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Transformation of Morphological and Biological Response on Light Irradiance. [europepmc]
• Gas Porosimetry by Gas Adsorption as an Efficient Tool for the Assessment of the Shaping Effect in Commercial Zeolites. [europepmc]
• Pure hydroxyapatite synthesis originating from amorphous calcium carbonate. [europepmc]
• Thermally Treated Waste Silt as Filler in Geopolymer Cement. [europepmc]
• Electrolytes with Micelle-Assisted Formation of Directional Ion Transport Channels for Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries with Impressive Performance. [europepmc]
• Soil and Freshwater Bioassays to Assess Ecotoxicological Impact on Soils Affected by Mining Activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. [europepmc]
• Preparation of CaCO 3 /Al(OH) 3 Composites via Heterogeneous Nucleation. [europepmc]
• Effect of Donor Nb(V) Doping on the Surface Reactivity, Electrical, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO 2 . [europepmc]
• Thermoluminescent composites of sintered synthetic-topaz/ in situ corundum for dosimetry by a novel reversible process. [europepmc]
• Investigating the impacts of airborne dust on herbicide performance on Amaranthus retroflexus. [europepmc]
• Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Evaluation of Quenching and Annealing as Heat Treatment Methods. [europepmc]
• Cr-Doped Nanocrystalline TiO 2 -Cr 2 O 3 Nanocomposites with p-p Heterojunction as a Stable Gas-Sensitive Material. [europepmc]
• Quantitative determination of the mineral content of settleable particulate matter samples. [europepmc]
• Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticle-Coated NiTi Orthodontic Wires With Enhanced Friction-Reducing Surfaces. [europepmc]
• CO 2 subsurface mineral storage by its co-injection with recirculating water. [europepmc]

Related

• Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. II. Adiabatic principle of X-ray diffraction analysis of mixtures
• Quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method
• A method of estimating the content of crystalline phases in multiphase samples based on X-ray diffraction data
• Method for Identifying Crystalline Phases in X-ray Diffraction Data from Multiphase Samples
• Quantitative phase analysis from neutron powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method