2004/12/01 by U. S. Inan, Mark Gołkowski, D. L. Carpenter +7 · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Earth and Planetary Sciences · Physics and Astronomy · #Atmospheric sciences #Earth's magnetic field #Earthquake Detection and Analysis #Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies #Geophysics #Ionosphere #Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics #Magnetic field #Northern Hemisphere #Physics #Plasma #Whistler
paper · doi:10.1029/2004gl021647
openalex publication_date 2004/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1–2 kHz signals observed on a ship‐borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler‐mode signals. These 1‐hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (∼30 km) HAARP show 2‐hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10‐hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re‐amplification and re‐triggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions.