2025/10/21 by Aristide Tsemo, Aristide, Tsemo
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Differential Geometry (math.DG) #FOS: Mathematics #Model Reduction and Neural Networks #Polynomial and algebraic computation #Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.18862
openalex publication_date 2025/10/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
This paper investigates the foundations of deep learning through insight of geometry, algebra and differential calculus. At is core, artificial intelligence relies on assumption that data and its intrinsic structure can be embedded into vector spaces allowing for analysis through geometric and algebraic methods. We thrace the development of neural networks from the perceptron to the transformer architecture, emphasizing on the underlying geometric structures and differential processes that govern their behavior. Our original approach highlights how the canonical scalar product on matrix spaces naturally leads to backpropagation equations yielding to a coordinate free formulation. We explore how classification problems can reinterpreted using tools from differential and algebraic geometry suggesting that manifold structure, degree of variety, homology may inform both convergence and interpretability of learning algorithms We further examine how neural networks can be interpreted via their associated directed graph, drawing connection to a Quillen model defined in [1] and [13] to describe memory as an homotopy theoretic property of the associated network.