2008/08/22 by Intizar Hussain, Omar Siraj Aburizaiza, Mohammad Abdul-Kareim. Habib +1 · 2 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Health Professions · #Water management and technologies #Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements
paper · doi:10.1080/02508060802255890
openalex publication_date 2008/08/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five decades. This paper provides a review of the global literature on the status and potential of karezes, and offers country case studies for Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It offers syntheses of key issues, lessons, options and proposed interventions for re-vitalizing the karez systems. The paper identifies criteria for prioritizing karez systems for rehabilitation and outlines key conditions for their effective functioning and sustainability. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance.