2020/02/06 by Alexander P. Demchenko · 1 citation
Materials Science · Chemical Engineering · Chemistry · #Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials #Analytical Chemistry and Sensors #Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
paper · doi:10.1088/2050-6120/ab7365
openalex publication_date 2020/02/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Abstract Photochemical stability is one of the most important parameters that determine the usefulness of organic dyes in different applications. This Review addresses key factors that determine the dye photostability. It is shown that photodegradation can follow different oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms and may involve both 1 S 1 – 3 T 1 and higher-energy 1 S n – 3 T n excited states. Their involvement and contribution depends on dye structure, medium conditions, irradiation power. Fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY and cyanine dyes, as well as conjugated polymers are discussed as selected examples illustrating photobleaching mechanisms. The strategies for modulating and improving the photostability are overviewed. They include the improvement of fluorophore design, particularly by attaching protective and anti-fading groups, creating proper medium conditions in liquid, solid and nanoscale environments. The special conditions for biological labeling, sensing and imaging are outlined.