2005/11/25 by Maxim Lyutikov, M. Lyutikov · 7 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research #Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics #astro-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10069.x
published as Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.367:1594-1602,2006 · 23 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS
arxiv created 2005/11/25 · openalex publication_date 2006/03/07 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30
We propose that giant flares on soft γ-ray repeaters produce relativistic, strongly magnetized, weakly baryon-loaded magnetic clouds, somewhat analogous to solar coronal mass ejection (CME) events. The flares are driven by unwinding of the internal non-potential magnetic field which leads to a slow build-up of magnetic energy outside of the neutron star. For large magnetospheric currents, corresponding to a large twist of the external magnetic field, the magnetosphere becomes dynamically unstable on the Alfvén crossing time-scale of the inner magnetosphere, tA∼RNS/c∼ 30 μs. The dynamic instability leads to the formation of dissipative current sheets through the development of a tearing mode. The released magnetic energy results in the formation of a strongly magnetized, pair-loaded, quasi-spherically expanding flux rope, topologically connected by the magnetic field to the neutron star during the prompt flare emission. The expansion reaches large Lorentz factors, Γ∼ 10–20, at distances r∼ 1–2 × 107 cm, where a leptophotonic load is lost. Beyond this radius plasma is strongly dominated by the magnetic field, though some baryon loading, with M≪E/c2, by ablated neutron star material may occur. Magnetic stresses of the tied flux rope lead to a late collimation of the expansion, on time-scales longer than the giant flare duration. Relativistic bulk motion of the expanding magnetic cloud, directed at an angle θ∼ 135° to the line of sight (away from the observer), results in a strongly non-spherical forward shock with observed non-relativistic apparent expansion and bulk motion velocities βapp∼ cot θ/2 ∼ 0.4 at times of the first radio observations, approximately one week after the burst. An interaction with a shell of wind-shocked interstellar medium (ISM) and then with the unshocked ISM leads to a deceleration, to non-relativistic velocities approximately one month after the flare.