Condensate Fraction in a 2D Bose Gas Measured across the Mott-Insulator Transition

2008/03/26 by I. B. Spielman, W. D. Phillips, William D. Phillips +1 · 7 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research #Bose–Hubbard model #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Condensed matter physics #Hubbard model #Lattice (music) #Monte Carlo method #Mott insulator #Optical lattice #Physics #Quantum Monte Carlo #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #Superconductivity #Superfluidity #cond-mat.other

paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.120402

published as Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 120402 (2008) · 4 pages, 3 figures

arxiv created 2008/03/26 · openalex publication_date 2008/03/26 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

We realize a single-band 2D Bose-Hubbard system with Rb atoms in an optical lattice and measure the condensate fraction as a function of lattice depth, crossing from the superfluid to the Mott-insulating phase. We quantitatively identify the location of the superfluid to normal transition by observing when the condensed fraction vanishes. Our measurement agrees with recent quantum Monte Carlo calculations for a finite-sized 2D system to within experimental uncertainty.

Citations

• Signal of Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical lattice at finite temperature
• Imaging the Mott Insulator Shells by Using Atomic Clock Shifts
• Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms
• Formation of Spatial Shell Structure in the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition
• Boson Mott Insulators at Finite Temperatures

Cited by

• Breakdown of adiabaticity when loading ultracold atoms in optical lattices
• Slow Mass Transport and Statistical Evolution of an Atomic Gas across the Superfluid–Mott-Insulator Transition
• Quantum fluctuations and condensate fraction during time-of-flight expansion
• Creating a supersolid in one-dimensional Bose mixtures
• Quasiparticle Dynamics in a Bose Insulator Probed by Interband Bragg Spectroscopy
• Noise correlation scalings: Revisiting the quantum phase transition in incommensurate lattices with hard-core bosons
• Momentum distribution of the insulating phases of the extended Bose-Hubbard model

Related

• Normal and anomalous densities in Bose-Einstein condensate with optical lattices
• Probing the Superfluid to Mott Insulator Transition at the Single Atom Level
• Signatures of the superfluid–to–Mott-insulator transition in cold bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice
• Observation of a 2D Bose-gas: from thermal to quasi-condensate to superfluid
• Superfluid to normal fluid phase transition in the Bose gas trapped in two dimensional optical lattices at finite temperature