2007/03/31 by Yi-Ping Qin, Ying Qin, Liying Lu +7
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Classical mechanics #Cluster (spacecraft) #Cluster analysis #Computer science #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Frame (networking) #Function (biology) #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Galaxy #Galaxy cluster #Gravitation #Mathematics #Physics #Quantum mechanics #Sample (material) #Scale (ratio) #Statistical physics #Statistics #Supercluster (genetic) #Universe #astro-ph #sort
paper · pdf · doi:10.1086/521812
published as Astrophys.J. 669 (2007) 692-713 · 68 pages, 26 figures and 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
openalex publication_date 2007/11/10 · arxiv created 2007/11/13 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
In this paper a relative number density parameter, called the neighborhood function, is introduced so that the crowded nature of the neighborhood of individual sources can be described. With this parameter one can determine the probability of forming a cluster by chance. A method is proposed to identify large-scale structure in the cosmological comoving frame. The scale used to sort out clustered sources is determined by the mean local number density, and the sample adopted is required to have regular borders. The method is applied to a sample drawn from the Two Degree Field survey. We find from the analysis that the probability of forming the resulting large-scale structures by chance is very small, and the phenomenon of clustering is dominant in the local universe. Within a 3 σ confidence level, a coherent cluster with a scale as large as 357 h -1 Mpc is identified from the sample. There exist some galaxies which are not affected by the gravitation of clusters, and hence are suspected to be at rest in the comoving frame of the universe. Voids are likely volumes within which very crowded sources are not present, and they are likely formed in embryo by fluctuations in the very early epochs of the universe. In addition, we find that large-scale structures are coral-like and are likely made up of smaller structures; sources with large values of the neighborhood function are mainly distributed within the structure of prominent clusters, and they form the framework of the large-scale structure.