2006/06/30 by M. R. Setare, S. Shafei, S Shafei · 3 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Apparent horizon #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Classical mechanics #Cosmology #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark energy #Deceleration parameter #Event horizon #First law of thermodynamics #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Horizon #Laws of thermodynamics #Metric expansion of space #Non-equilibrium thermodynamics #Particle horizon #Physics #Second law of thermodynamics #Theoretical physics #Thermodynamics #Universe #gr-qc
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2006/09/011
published as JCAP 0609 (2006) 011 · 12 pages, no figure, abstract and text extended, references added, accepted for publication in JCAP
openalex publication_date 2006/09/18 · arxiv created 2006/10/14 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Motivated by recent results on non-vanishing spatial curvature [1] we employ a holographic model of dark energy to investigate the validity of the first and second laws of thermodynamics in a non-flat (closed) universe enclosed by the apparent horizon R A and the event horizon measured from the sphere of the horizon named L . We show that for the apparent horizon the first law is roughly respected for different epochs while the second law of thermodynamics is respected, while for L as the system's IR cut-off the first law is broken and the second law is respected for the special range of the deceleration parameter. It is also shown that for the late-time universe L is equal to R A and the thermodynamic laws hold when the universe has non-vanishing curvature. Defining the fluid temperature as being proportional to the horizon temperature the range for the coefficient of proportionality is obtained, provided that the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds.