Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.

1991/11/01 by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan Nolen–Hoeksema · 3,556 citations
Psychology · #Clinical psychology #Depression (economics) #Developmental psychology #Duration (music) #Psychiatry #Psychology #Resilience and Mental Health

paper · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569

published in Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100(4), 569-582 (American Psychological Association)

openalex publication_date 1991/11/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04

Cited by

• The mediating role of rumination between stress appraisal and cyberchondria
• The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health
• Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Uncontrollable Ruminative Thoughts
• Insight, Rumination, and Self-Reflection as Predictors of Well-Being
• How is Mindfulness Linked to Negative and Positive Affect? Rumination as an Explanatory Process in a Prospective Longitudinal Study of Adolescents
• Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry – a transdiagnostic meta-analysis
• Loss in the Life Story: Remembering Death and Illness Across Adulthood
• Trait Self-Objectification in Women: Affective and Personality Correlates
• Childhood bullying victimization, emotion regulation, rumination, distress tolerance, and depressive symptoms: A cross‐national examination among young adults in seven countries
• An ecological momentary assessment study assessing repetitive negative thinking as a predictor for psychopathology
• Parenting Under Pressure: Network Analysis of Stigma, Emotion Regulation, and Mental Health in TGD Parents
• A multiple-goal framework for exploring goal disengagement
• Increased attention to the eye region when playing background music in Alzheimer's disease: a remotely-delivered webcam eye-tracking feasibility study
• The experiences of frequent users of crisis helplines: A qualitative interview study
• Mind-wandering and negative mood: Does one thing really lead to another?
• The relationship between Stoic attitudes, resilience, and mental health
• Gaze-Contingent Musical Attentional Bias Modification: Exploring Feasibility and Clinically-Relevant Changes in Mood
• Ruminative response scale for eating disorders: bifactor model and measurement invariance in a Portuguese community sample
• Sexual Objectification and Substance Abuse in Young Adult Women
• On the measurement of rumination: A psychometric evaluation of the ruminative response scale and the rumination on sadness scale in undergraduates
• Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder
• Specificity of Rumination in Anxiety and Depression: A Multimodal Meta-Analysis
• The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking
• Looking back and falling further behind: The moderating role of rumination on the relationship between organizational politics and employee attitudes, well-being, and performance
• Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.
• Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control
• Shared but distinct functional connectome profiles underlying rumination in depressed and healthy individuals
• Inner experience differs in rumination and distraction without a change in electromyographical correlates of inner speech
• Dynamic functional connectivity differences between insomnia and comorbid insomnia with depression: A neuroimaging study of brain stability
• Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
• Emotion regulation in depression: Examining the role of cognitive processes
• Imprisoned by the past: Unhappy moods lead to a retrospective bias to mind wandering
• Music listening as emotion regulation: Associations with other emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety
• A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Rumination and Suicidality
• Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
• Why is it so hard to do my work? The challenge of attention residue when switching between work tasks
• The relationship of approach/avoidance motivation and asymmetric frontal cortical activity: A review of studies manipulating frontal asymmetry
• Memory Accessibility, Mood Regulation, and Dysphoria: Difficulties in Repairing Sad Mood With Happy Memories?
• Temporal Changes in Mood Repair Through Music Consumption: Effects of Mood, Mood Salience, and Individual Differences
• The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism
• Validez de constructo del Inventario de Depresión de Beck II para adolescentes
• In defence of thought stopping
• Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks
• Active Facebook use and mood: When digital interaction turns maladaptive
• Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations
• Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Anxiety Disorders
• Expressive Writing Can Impede Emotional Recovery Following Marital Separation
• Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability–transactional stress theory.
• Beyond depression: Toward a process‐based approach to research, diagnosis, and treatment.
• Depressive Realism and Outcome Density Bias in Contingency Judgments: The Effect of the Context and Intertrial Interval.
• The Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Associations with Distress and Deficits in Cognitive Self-management
• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: Replication and Exploration of Differential Relapse Prevention Effects.
• Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: future research and implications
• Hatha Yoga for Depression: Critical Review of the Evidence for Efficacy, Plausible Mechanisms of Action, and Directions for Future Research
• The relevance of maintaining and worsening processes in psychopathology
• Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: a neural perspective with implications for psychopathology. [europepmc]
• A roadmap to rumination: a review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. [europepmc]
• The bright side of being blue: depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems. [europepmc]
• How does sexual minority stigma "get under the skin"? A psychological mediation framework. [europepmc]
• Living with a concealable stigmatized identity: the impact of anticipated stigma, centrality, salience, and cultural stigma on psychological distress and health. [europepmc]
• Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. [europepmc]
• Cascades of Emotion: The Emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder from Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation. [europepmc]
• Emotion regulation in depression: relation to cognitive inhibition. [europepmc]
• Responses to Positive Affect: A Self-Report Measure of Rumination and Dampening. [europepmc]
• Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts. [europepmc]
• Nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescence: prospective rates and risk factors in a 2½ year longitudinal study. [europepmc]
• Frontocingulate dysfunction in depression: toward biomarkers of treatment response. [europepmc]
• Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence. [europepmc]
• Default-mode and task-positive network activity in major depressive disorder: implications for adaptive and maladaptive rumination. [europepmc]
• An attentional scope model of rumination. [europepmc]
• Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. [europepmc]
• Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. [europepmc]
• Restoring mood balance in depression: ketamine reverses deficit in dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity. [europepmc]
• Interoceptive dysfunction: toward an integrated framework for understanding somatic and affective disturbance in depression. [europepmc]
• Depressive Rumination, the Default-Mode Network, and the Dark Matter of Clinical Neuroscience. [europepmc]
• Sex differences in anxiety disorders: Interactions between fear, stress, and gonadal hormones. [europepmc]
• Emotion Regulation in Current and Remitted Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [europepmc]
• Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. [europepmc]
• Mindfulness and Behavior Change. [europepmc]
• Understanding Pain Catastrophizing: Putting Pieces Together. [europepmc]