2002/12/31 by Jacek Dziarmaga, Zbyszek P. Karkuszewski, Zbyszek P Karkuszewski +1 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Dark matter #Outcome (game theory) #Quantum #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Realization (probability) #Soliton #cond-mat #physics.atom-ph #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/0953-4075/36/6/311
published as J. Phys. B 36, 1217 (2003). · 8 pages, 6 figures, references added in version accepted for publication in J. Phys. B
arxiv created 2003/02/07 · openalex publication_date 2003/03/03 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The dark soliton created in a Bose–Einstein condensate becomes grey in the course of time evolution because its notch fills up with depleted atoms. This is the result of quantum mechanical calculations which describe the output of many experimental repetitions of creation of the stationary soliton, and its time evolution terminated by a destructive density measurement. However, such a description is not suitable to predict the outcome of a single realization of the experiment where two extreme scenarios and many combinations thereof are possible: one will see either (1) a displaced dark soliton without any atoms in the notch, but with a randomly displaced position, or (2) a grey soliton with a fixed position, but a random number of atoms filling its notch. In either case the average over many realizations will reproduce the mentioned quantum mechanical result. In this paper we use N -particle wavefunctions, which follow from the number-conserving Bogoliubov theory, to settle this issue.