2000/06/30 by Y. M. Cho, D. G. Pak · 46 citations
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Absolute convergence #Action (physics) #Asymptotic expansion #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Convergent series #Divergent series #Duality (order theory) #Effective action #Euler's formula #Mathematical analysis #Mathematical physics #Mathematics #Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics #Physics #Power series #Pure mathematics #Quantum chaos and dynamical systems #Quantum electrodynamics #Quantum mechanics #Series (stratigraphy) #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1947
published in Physical Review Letters 86(10), 1947-1950 (American Physical Society) · 4 pages
arxiv created 2000/11/03 · openalex publication_date 2001/03/05 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The one-loop effective action of QED obtained by Heisenberg and Euler and by Schwinger has been expressed by an asymptotic perturbative series which is divergent. In this Letter we present a nonperturbative but convergent series of the effective action. With the convergent series we establish the existence of the manifest electric-magnetic duality in the one-loop effective action of QED.