1998/06/30 by Musongela Lubo, M. Lubo, Marianne Rooman +2
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Geophysics and Gravity Measurements #gr-qc
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevd.59.044012
published as Phys.Rev. D59 (1999) 044012 · 26 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, 6 references added
arxiv created 1998/10/01 · openalex publication_date 1999/01/22 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30
We investigate, in the framework of (2+1)-dimensional gravity, stationary rotationally symmetric gravitational sources of the perfect fluid type, embedded in a space of an arbitrary cosmological constant. We show that the matching conditions between the interior and exterior geometries imply restrictions on the physical parameters of the solutions. In particular, imposing finite sources and the absence of closed timelike curves privileges negative values of the cosmological constant, yielding exterior vacuum geometries of rotating black hole type. In the special case of static sources, we prove the complete integrability of the field equations and show that the sources' masses are bounded from above and, for a vanishing cosmological constant, generally equal to 1. We also discuss and illustrate the stationary configurations by explicitly solving the field equations for constant mass-energy densities. If the pressure vanishes, we recover as interior geometries G"odel-like metrics defined on causally well behaved domains, but with unphysical values of the mass to angular momentum ratio. The introduction of pressure in the sources cures the latter problem and leads to physically more relevant models.