2008/11/20 by S. Durr, S. Dürr, Z. Fodor +15 · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #High-Energy Particle Collisions Research #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions #hep-lat
paper · pdf · doi:10.1126/science.1163233
published as Science 322:1224-1227,2008 · 22 pages, 3 Tables, 8 Figures. Published in Science (21 November 2008) with Supporting Online Material. Submission to arXiv has been delayed by 6 months to respect the journal's embargo policy
openalex publication_date 2008/11/20 · arxiv created 2009/06/19 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
More than 99% of the mass of the visible universe is made up of protons and neutrons. Both particles are much heavier than their quark and gluon constituents, and the Standard Model of particle physics should explain this difference. We present a full ab initio calculation of the masses of protons, neutrons, and other light hadrons, using lattice quantum chromodynamics. Pion masses down to 190 mega-electron volts are used to extrapolate to the physical point, with lattice sizes of approximately four times the inverse pion mass. Three lattice spacings are used for a continuum extrapolation. Our results completely agree with experimental observations and represent a quantitative confirmation of this aspect of the Standard Model with fully controlled uncertainties.