The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter

1998/03/11 by Nima Arkani–Hamed, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos +2 · 1 voice · 510 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #hep-ph #hep-th

paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(98)00466-3

published as Phys.Lett.B429:263-272,1998 · 16 pages, latex, no figures

arxiv created 1998/03/11 · arxiv published 1998/03/11 · arxiv updated 1998/03/11 · openalex publication_date 1998/06/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01

Abstract

We propose a new framework for solving the hierarchy problem which does not rely on either supersymmetry or technicolor. In this framework, the gravitational and gauge interactions become united at the weak scale, which we take as the only fundamental short distance scale in nature. The observed weakness of gravity on distances \gsim 1 mm is due to the existence of n ≥ 2 new compact spatial dimensions large compared to the weak scale. The Planck scale M_Pl ∼ G_N^-1/2 is not a fundamental scale; its enormity is simply a consequence of the large size of the new dimensions. While gravitons can freely propagate in the new dimensions, at sub-weak energies the Standard Model (SM) fields must be localized to a 4-dimensional manifold of weak scale "thickness" in the extra dimensions. This picture leads to a number of striking signals for accelerator and laboratory experiments. For the case of n=2 new dimensions, planned sub-millimeter measurements of gravity may observe the transition from 1/r² → 1/r⁴ Newtonian gravitation. For any number of new dimensions, the LHC and NLC could observe strong quantum gravitational interactions. Furthermore, SM particles can be kicked off our 4 dimensional manifold into the new dimensions, carrying away energy, and leading to an abrupt decrease in events with high transverse momentum p_T \gsim TeV. For certain compact manifolds, such particles will keep circling in the extra dimensions, periodically returning, colliding with and depositing energy to our four dimensional vacuum with frequencies of ∼ 10¹² Hz or larger. As a concrete illustration, we construct a model with SM fields localised on the 4-dimensional throat of a vortex in 6 dimensions, with a Pati-Salam gauge symmetry SU(4) × SU(2) × SU(2) in the bulk.

Citations

• Do we live inside a domain wall?
• TASI Lectures on D-Branes

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• Metastable gravitons and infinite volume extra dimensions
• Semileptonic charmedBmeson decays in universal extra dimension model
• Discovery and Spectroscopy of Dark Matter and Dark Sectors with Microscopic Black Holes at Next Generation Colliders
• Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
• Blackbody friction force on a relativistic small neutral particle
• Late-time tails of wave propagation in higher dimensional spacetimes
• Constraints on non-Newtonian gravity from the experiment on neutron quantum states in the earth's gravitational field
• Black hole production in particle collisions and higher curvature gravity
• Desperately seeking supersymmetry (SUSY)
• Top quarks as a window to string resonances
• Quantized bulk fermions in the Randall-Sundrum brane model
• Neutrino physics at large colliders
• Orbital resonances in discs around braneworld Kerr black holes
• Bulk fields in the Randall-Sundrum compactification scenario
• Doublet-triplet splitting and fermion masses with extra dimensions
• Tests of relativistic gravity in space
• Search for Large Extra Dimensions in theMonojet+ETChannel with the DØ Detector
• Self-tuning in an outgoing brane wave model
• Single Kaluza-Klein production in universal extra dimensions
• Effective gravitational equations forf(R)braneworld models
• Brane stabilization and regionality of extra dimensions
• Hawking Radiation of Mass Generating Particles from Dyonic Reissner–Nordström Black Hole
• EFFECTIVE THEORY FOR QUANTUM GRAVITY
• First Measurement of thett¯Differential Cross Sectiondσ/dMtt¯inpp¯Collisions ats=1.96 TeV
• A short travel for neutrinos in Large Extra Dimensions
• Pure geometric thick f(R)-branes: stability and localization of gravity
• Resonant leptogenesis and a verifiable seesaw model from large extra dimensions
• Probing new physics scenarios in accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments
• Consistent ADD scenario with stabilized extra dimension
• Constraints on Braneworld Gravity Models from a Kinematic Limit on the Age of the Black Hole XTEJ1118+480
• GRAVITATIONAL WAVES IN BRANEWORLD SCENARIOS WITH AdS BACKGROUND
• Greybody factors for rotating black holes in higher dimensions
• Numerical relativity forDdimensional axially symmetric space-times: Formalism and code tests
• Large extra dimensions and small black holes at the LHC
• Dimensional reduction via a novel Higgs mechanism
• Bulk emission by higher-dimensional black holes: almost perfect blackbody radiation
• Limits on the brane fluctuations mass and on the brane tension scale from electron-positron colliders
• Is the accelerated expansion evidence of a forthcoming change of signature on the brane?
• The long range gravitational potential energy between strings
• Classical stabilization of homogeneous extra dimensions
• Bulk renormalization and particle spectrum in codimension-two brane worlds
• Localization of 4D gravity on pure geometrical thick branes
• A Moduli Fixing Mechanism in M theory
• Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton–proton collisions at s=13<mml:mspace width="0.2em"/>TeV
• Spacetime structure of static solutions in Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Neutral case
• Condition for the superradiance modes in higher-dimensional rotating black holes with multiple angular momentum parameters
• Search for branons at LEP
• Graviton-induced bremsstrahlung
• Brick walls on the brane
• TRACING THE GAUGE ORIGIN OF YUKAWA AND HIGGS PARAMETERS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL
• Cosmic string configuration in a five dimensional Brans-Dicke theory
• Search for new physics inlepton+photon+Xevents with929 pb−1ofpp¯collisions ats=1.96 TeV
• Short-range test of the universality of gravitational constant G at the millimeter scale using a digital image sensor
• High-velocity collision of two black holes
• Resonances of Kalb-Ramond field on symmetric and asymmetric thick branes
• Exploring extra dimensions with scalar waves
• Conformal thin-sandwich solver for generic initial data
• Brane cosmological evolution with bulk matter
• Critical trapped surfaces formation in the collision of ultrarelativistic charges in (A)dS
• Constraints on Models with Warped Extra Dimensions
• Electroweak relaxation of cosmological hierarchy
• GUTs and exceptional branes in F-theory — II. Experimental predictions
• Ultralight fermionic dark matter
• Small Neutrino Mass from Large Compactification Volumes
• Localizing gravity on thick branes: a solution for massive KK modes of the Schrödinger equation
• ANGULAR MOMENTUM CONSERVATION LAW FOR RANDALL–SUNDRUM MODELS
• General analysis of LARGE Volume Scenarios with string loop moduli stabilisation
• Imprints of extra dimensions in eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals gravitational waveforms
• Probing Physics at Extreme Energies with Cosmic Ultra-High Energy Radiation
• CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet model: The approach to the decoupling limit
• Jet extinction from nonperturbative quantum gravity effects
• Search for Kaluza-Klein Graviton Emission inpp¯Collisions ats=1.8 TeVUsing the Missing Energy Signature
• Search for TeV strings and new phenomena in Bhabha scattering at CERN LEP2
• Five-dimensional rotating black hole in a uniform magnetic field: The gyromagnetic ratio
• A review of short-range gravity experiments in the LHC era

Discussions

• In extra dimensions models like ADD model paper the relation between the extra dimensions Planck scale $M_{p_l(5)}$ , the 4-dimensional Planck scale $M_{p_l}$ , and the size of the extra dimension $R$ [stackexchange, 2 points]