1999/08/16 by K. Kohri, Kazunori Kohri, Jun’ichi Yokoyama +1 · 2 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect #astro-ph #gr-qc #hep-ph #nucl-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevd.61.023501
published as Phys.Rev.D61:023501,2000 · 21 pages, using ReVTeX and five postscript figures
arxiv created 1999/08/16 · openalex publication_date 1999/12/16 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We investigate the influence of hadron injection from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early stage of the primordial nucleosynthesis era (t\ensuremath≃10^\ensuremath-3\ensuremath-104 sec). The emitted quark-antiquark pairs or gluons immediately fragment into a lot of hadrons and scatter off the thermal plasma which is constituted by photons, electrons, and nucleons. For the relatively low mass holes we point out that the dominant effect is the interconversion between an ambient proton and neutron through the strong interaction induced by the emitted hadrons. Even after the freeze-out time of the weak interactions between the neutron and proton, more neutrons are produced and the synthesized light element abundances could be drastically changed. Comparing the theoretical predictions with the observational data, we constrain the PBH's density and their lifetime. We obtain the upper bound for PBH's initial mass fraction, \ensuremathβ\ensuremath\lesssim10^\ensuremath-20 for 108 g\ensuremath\lesssimM\ensuremath\lesssim1010 g, and \ensuremathβ\ensuremath\lesssim10^\ensuremath-22 for 1010 g\ensuremath\lesssimM\ensuremath\lesssim3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1010 g.