2007/07/15 by G.W. Meindersma, Matthias Maase, André B. de Haan · 1 citation
Chemical Engineering · Chemistry · #Chemical Synthesis and Reactions #Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry #Ionic liquids properties and applications
paper · doi:10.1002/14356007.l14_l01
openalex publication_date 2007/07/15 · openalex created_date 2022/02/13 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Melting Point 2.3. Density 2.4. Viscosity 2.5. Thermal Stability 2.6. Electrochemical Window 3 Synthesis/Production 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Synthesis 3.2.1. Lewis Acid‐Based ILs 3.2.2. Anion Metathesis 3.2.3. Synthesis of Chloride Free ILs 3.2.4. Preparation with Microwaves 3.3. Producers of Ionic Liquids 4 Applications 4.1 Potential Applications 4.1.1. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis 4.1.1.2 Solvents for Catalysis 4.1.1.3 Polymer Synthesis 4.1.1.4 Biocatalysis 4.1.2. Electrochemical Applications 4.1.3. Analytical Applications 4.1.4. Separations 4.1.4.1 Liquid Separations 4.1.4.2 Gas Separations 4.1.5. Fluid Applications: Thermal Fluids and Lubricants 4.2. Applications in Pilot Plants and Industry 4.2.1. Reactions 4.2.1.1. Acid Scavenging 4.2.1.2. Production of 2,5‐dihydrofuran 4.2.1.3. Chlorination of Alcohols/Cleavage of Ethers 4.2.1.4. Hydrosilylation 4.2.1.5. Fluorination 4.2.1.6. Dimerization and Oligomerization of Olefins 4.2.2. Separations 4.2.2.1 Extractive Distillation 4.2.2.2. Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 4.2.3. Electroplating/Polishing 4.2.4. ILs as Performance Chemicals 4.2.4.1 Compatibilizers for Pigment Pastes 4.2.4.2. Antistatic Additives for Cleaning Fluids 4.2.5. ILs in Gas Processing 4.2.5.1. Storage of Gases 4.2.5.2. Ionic Compressor 5 Analysis 6 Toxicology and Occupational Health 6.1. (Eco)toxicology 6.2. Mutagenicity 6.3. Safety and Corrosion 7 References The common definition of an ionic liquid (IL), or a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), is that it is a liquid composed entirely of ions, which is fluid below 100 °C. Ionic liquids are generally much denser (ρ = 1 − 1.6 g/cm 3 ) and more viscous (η = 10 − 500 mPa · s) than conventional solvents. Ionic liquids can be stable up to temperatures of 500 °C. They can easily be synthesized and the variability of the cation and anion may be used to adjust the properties of the ionic liquids. Therefore, the possibility arises to optimize an ionic liquid for a specific application by stepwise tuning the relevant solvent properties. For this reason ionic liquids have been referred to as “designer solvents”. The potential to use ionic liquids as novel solvents or fluids for a diverse range of applications has become increasingly apparent. The intrinsic nonvolatile nature of ILs pro