2008/04/15 by François de Dardel, Thomas V. Arden · 2 citations
Engineering · Environmental Science · #Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal #Chemical Synthesis and Characterization #Extraction and Separation Processes
paper · doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_393.pub2
openalex publication_date 2008/04/15 · openalex created_date 2022/05/12 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Structures of Ion‐Exchange Resins 2.1. Polymer Matrices 2.2. Functional Groups 2.2.1. Cation‐Exchange Resins 2.2.2. Anion‐Exchange Resins 2.2.3. Other Types of Ion‐Exchange Resins 2.3. Adsorbent Resins and Inert Polymers 3. Properties 3.1. Degree of Cross‐Linking and Porosity 3.2. Exchange Capacity 3.3. Stability and Service Life 3.4. Density 3.5. Particle Size 3.6. Moisture Content 4. Ion‐Exchange Reactions 4.1. Cation Exchange 4.2. Anion Exchange 4.3. Cation and Anion Exchange in Water Treatment 5. Ion‐Exchange Equilibria 5.1. Dissociation and pK Value 5.2. Mono ‐ Monovalent Exchange 5.3. Mono ‐ Divalent Exchange (Water Softening) 5.4. General Case 6. Exchange Kinetics 6.1. Principles 6.2. Kinetic Curves 6.3. Strongly Acidic or Strongly Basic Resins 6.3.1. Film Diffusion 6.3.2. Particle Diffusion 6.4. Weakly Acidic or Weakly Basic Resins 7. Practical Consequences of Ion‐Exchange Equilibrium and Kinetics 7.1. Operating Capacity, Regeneration Efficiency, and Regenerant Usage 7.2. Permanent Leakage 7.3. Water Analysis 7.4. Calculations in the Design of Ion‐Exchange Plants for Water Purification 7.5. Example of Calculation 7.5.1. Principle 7.5.2. Basic Data 7.5.3. Demineralization Unit 7.5.4. Polishing Unit 8. Industrial Use of Ion Exchange 8.1. Description of the Ion‐Exchange Cycle 8.2. Methods for Overcoming Equilibrium Problems 9. Ion‐Exchange Resin Combinations 9.1. Pretreatment 9.2. Softening 9.3. Demineralization (Primary System) 9.4. Polishing 9.5. Choice of Resin 10. Plant Design 10.1. General Considerations 10.2. Fixed‐Bed Ion‐Exchange Units 10.2.1. Column Diameter and Bed Depth 10.2.2. Small‐Scale Units 10.2.3. Industrial Co‐ and Counterflow Plants 10.2.4. Mixed Beds <jats:styled-conte