2000/06/15 by Hermann Weingärtner, Ernst Franck, G. Wiegand +11 · 1 citation
Chemical Engineering · Engineering · Materials Science · #Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition #Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions #Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
paper · doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_001
openalex publication_date 2000/06/15 · openalex created_date 2022/01/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
The article contains sections titled: 1. Water as a Solvent 1.1. Properties of Pure Water 1.1.1. Molecular Properties 1.1.2. Hydrogen Bonding and Water Structure 1.1.3. Bulk Properties of Liquid Water 1.2. Aqueous Solutions 1.2.1. General Solvent Properties 1.2.2. Solutions of Simple Nonpolar Gases 1.2.3. Solutes with Hydrophilic Groups 1.2.4. Electrolyte Solutions 2. Water at High Pressure and Temperature 2.1. Properties of Ice 2.1.1. Thermodynamic Properties 2.1.2. Transport Properties 2.1.3. Electrolytic Properties 2.1.4. Mechanical Properties 2.2. Properties of Fluid Water 2.2.1. Thermodynamic Properties 2.2.2. Transport Properties 2.2.3. Electrolytic Properties 2.2.4. Other Physical Properties 2.3. Properties of Water Vapor 2.4. Water in the Supercritical State 3. Water Analysis 3.1. Sampling and Sample Preservation 3.2. Physicochemical and Sum Parameters 3.3. Inorganic Analysis 3.3.1. Determination of Cations 3.3.2. Anion Analysis 3.3.3. Determination of Dissolved Gases 3.3.4. Quick Test Processes 3.4. Organic Analysis 3.4.1. Spectrometric Methods 3.4.2. Gas and Liquid Chromatography 3.5. Biochemical Methods 4. Hydrological Cycle and Water Use 4.1. World Water Balance 4.2. Hydrological Cycle 4.3. Demand for Water 4.4. Source of Water Used 4.5. Water Treatment 5. Adsorption Processes in Water Treatment 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Properties of Activated Carbon 5.3. Adsorption Theory 5.4. Adsorption Equilibrium 5.5. Adsorption Kinetics 5.6. Biological Processes 5.7. Design of GAC Systems 5.8. Design of PAC Systems 5.9. Reactivation of GAC 6. Ion Exchange 6.1. Fundamentals 6.1.1. Characterization of the Chemical State of Water 6.1.2. Representation of the Chemical State of Water 6.1.3. Ion Exchangers 6.2. Cation-Exchange Processes 6.2.1. Strongly Acidic Resins in the Na+ Form 6.2.2. Strongly Acidic Resins in the H+ Form 6.2.3. Weakly Acidic Resins in the Hydrogen Form 6.3. Anion-Exchange Processes 6.3.1. Strongly Basic Resins in the Cl− Form 6.3.2. Strongly Basic Resins in the OH− Form 6.3.3. Strongly Basic Resins in the Form 6.3.4. Weakly Basic Resins 6.4. Combined Processes 6.4.1. Demineralization 6.4.2. Partial Demineralization 7. Flocculation 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Definitions 7.3. Chemicals Used in Coagulation and Flocculation 7.3.1. Inorganic Chemicals 7.3.2. Organic Chemicals 7.4. Kinetics of Aggregation 7.5. Process Technology for Coagulation and Flocculation 7.5.1. Dosing 7.5.2. Rapid Mixing 7.5.3. Reactors for Floc Formation 7.5.4. Integrated Flocculation Systems 7.5.5. Operational Aspects 8. Filtration 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Slow Sand Filters 8.3. Polishing Filters 8.4. Rapid Filters 8.4.1. Design 8.4.2. Areas of Application and Modes of Operation 8.4.3. Filter Performance 9. Membrane Separation Processes in Water Treatment 9.1. Principles 9.1.1. Flow, Selectivity, Driving Forces 9.1.2. Mass Transport Resistance in Front of the Membrane 9.2. Membranes 9.2.1. Organic Membranes 9.2.2. Inorganic Membranes 9.3. Modules 9.3.1. Modules with Tubular Membranes 9.3.2. Modules with a Flat-Sheet Membrane 9.4. Fouling and Scaling 9.4.1. Membrane Blockage due to Crystallization (Scaling) 9.4.2. Membrane Blockage due to Contaminants (Fouling) 9.5. Module Arrangements (Plant Design) 9.6. Use of Membrane Processes in Water and Wastewater Technology 9.6.1. Desalination of Seawater and Brackish Water 9.6.2. Recovery of ɛ-Caprolactam 9.6.3. Leachates from Dump Sites 9.6.4. Wastewater from the Dye Industry 10. Oxidation Processes in Water Treatment 10.1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Chemical Oxidants 10.2. Production of Chemical Oxidants 10.3. Uses of Chemical Oxidants 10.3.1. Drinking Water Treatment 10.3.1.1. Disinfection 10.3.1.2. Chemical Oxidation 10.3.2. Wastewater Treatment 10.3.3. Oxidation in Pulp and Paper Treatment 10.3.4. Advanced Oxidation Processes 10.4. Toxicology and Environmental Health 11. Acknowledgement