2011/10/15 by Naim Kosaric, Z. Duvnjak, Adalbert Farkas +4 · 3 citations
Engineering · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Biofuel production and bioconversion #Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction #Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
paper · doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_587.pub2
openalex publication_date 2011/10/15 · openalex created_date 2022/02/13 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Synthesis 4.1. Direct Catalytic Hydration of Ethylene 4.1.1. Chemistry 4.1.2. Catalysts 4.1.3. Production Process 4.2. Indirect Hydration of Ethylene 4.2.1. Chemistry 4.2.2. Production Process 4.3. Other Methods 4.3.1. Homologation of Methanol 4.3.2. Carbonylation of Methanol and Methyl Acetate 4.3.3. Conversion of Synthesis Gas 4.3.3.1. Synthesis by Heterogeneous Catalysis 4.3.3.2. Synthesis by Homogeneous Catalysis 5. Fermentation 5.1. Production by Yeast 5.1.1. Nutrients 5.1.2. Fermentation Pathways 5.1.3. Fermentation Variables 5.1.4. Direct Fermentation 5.2. Production by Bacteria 5.2.1. Ethanol Tolerance 5.2.2. Fermentation of Glucose by Z. mobilis 5.2.3. Fermentation of Other Sugars by Recombinant Z. mobilis Strains 5.2.4. Ethanol Production by Recombinant Enterobacteria 5.2.5. Comparison of Recombinant Bacterial Strains 5.3. Fermentation Modes 5.3.1. Batch Processes 5.3.2. Continuous Processes 5.3.3. Other Processes 5.4. Raw Materials and Processes 5.4.1. Readily Fermentable Carbohydrates 5.4.2. Starch 5.4.3. Lignocellulosic Materials 5.4.4. Waste Materials and Residues 6. Recovery and Purification 6.1. Distillation 6.1.1. Distillation of Azeotropic Ethanol 6.1.2. Dehydration by Azeotropic Distillation 6.1.3. Motor Fuel Ethanol 6.1.4. Reduction of Energy Costs 6.2. Nondistillative Methods 6.2.1. Solvent Extraction 6.2.2. Carbon Dioxide Extraction 6.2.3. Adsorptive Dehydration 6.2.4. Membrane Technology 6.2.5. Yarn-Filled Column 6.3. Storage and Transportation 7. Comparison of Process Economics for Synthetic and Fermentation Ethanol 7.1. Summary of Cost Analysis for Synthetic and Fermentation Ethanol 7.2. Production Costs of Synthetic Ethanol 7.3. Production Costs of Fermentation Ethanol 8. Analysis 9. Uses 10. Economic Aspects 10.1. Worldwide Production of Synthetic and Fermentation Ethanol 10.2. Major Producers of Fermentation Ethanol from Regenerable Resources 11. Toxicology