1954/05/20 by Geoffrey Ingram Taylor · 7 citations
Engineering · #Water Systems and Optimization #Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques #Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
paper · doi:10.1098/rspa.1954.0130
openalex publication_date 1954/05/20 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Abstract The dispersion of soluble matter introduced into a slow stream of solvent in a capillary tube can be described by means of a virtual coefficient of diffusion (Taylor 1953 a) which represents the combined action of variation of velocity over the cross-section of the tube and molecluar diffusion in a radial direction. The analogous problem of dispersion in turbulent flow can be solved in the same way. In that case the virtual coefficient of diffusion K is found to be 10∙1 av* or K = 7∙14aU √γ. Here a is the radius of the pipe, U is the mean flow velocity, γ is the resistance coefficient and v* ‘friction velocity’. Experiments are described in which brine was injected into a straight 3/8 in. pipe and the conductivity recorded at a point downstream. The theoretical prediction was verified with both smooth and very rough pipes. A small amount of curvature was found to increase the dispersion greatly. When a fluid is forced into a pipe already full of another fluid with which it can mix, the interface spreads through a length S as it passes down the pipe. When the interface has moved through a distance X, theory leads to the formula S2 = 437aX(v*/U). Good agreement is found when this prediction is compared with experiments made in long pipe lines in America.