2023/09/13 by Laurens Swinkels, Thijs Markwat · 1 voice · 1 citation
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · #Financial Markets and Investment Strategies #Housing Market and Economics #Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds
paper · pdf · doi:10.1108/mf-02-2023-0077
openalex publication_date 2023/09/13 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Purpose To better understand the impact of choosing a carbon data provider for the estimated portfolio emissions across four asset classes. This is important, as prior literature has suggested that Environmental, Social and Governance scores across providers have low correlation. Design/methodology/approach The authors compare carbon data from four data providers for developed and emerging equity markets and investment grade and high-yield corporate bond markets. Findings Data on scope 1 and scope 2 is similar across the four data providers, but for scope 3 differences can be substantial. Carbon emissions data has become more consistent across providers over time. Research limitations/implications The authors examine the impact of different carbon data providers at the asset class level. Portfolios that invest only in a subset of the asset class may be affected differently. Because “true” carbon emissions are not known, the authors cannot investigate which provider has the most accurate carbon data. Practical implications The impact of choosing a carbon data provider is limited for scope 1 and scope 2 data for equity markets. Differences are larger for corporate bonds and scope 3 emissions. Originality/value The authors compare carbon accounting metrics on scopes 1, 2 and 3 of corporate greenhouse gas emissions carbon data from multiple providers for developed and emerging equity and investment grade and high yield investment portfolios. Moreover, the authors show the impact of filling missing data points, which is especially relevant for corporate bond markets, where data coverage tends to be lower.