2026/08/03 by Zdenek Sekanina
Physics and Astronomy · #astro-ph.EP
Among some 4500 Kreutz sungrazers known, the orbital period has been established to better than about +/-20 years only for C/1882 R1, C/1963 R1, C/1965 S1, C/2011 W3, and C/2026 A1. I describe solutions to a range of intriguing problems involving the orbital-period determination. A helpful, but computer-intensive routine is a detailed investigation of derived orbital periods as a function of the last observation used, which allows one to filter out effects of activity (the case of C/2026 A1) or nuclear fragmentation (the case of C/1965 S1) and thereby reliably evaluate the time of the previous perihelion, a cornerstone in the quest for a sungrazer's pedigree. Experience shows that only very massive objects, such as the original nucleus of C/1882 R1 or its main fragment B are immune to effects of this kind. Different problems are presented by a sungrazer whose nucleus falls apart shortly after perihelion (the case of C/2011 W3) or by one observed only after perihelion (the case of C/1963 R1). The documented high sensitivity of the derived orbital period to minor perturbations of a sungrazing comet's motion is exploited to advantage when the standard approach does not work or yields inconclusive results.