Ordering of Energy Levels in the Fröhlich Model

2025/05/11 by Hiroshima, Fumio, Kobayashi, Akihiro, Miyao, Tadahiro +1
#FOS: Physical sciences #Mathematical Physics (math-ph)

paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.07152

Abstract

Consider a one-dimensional system of \( N \) electrons subject to an external potential \( U \). Let \( E_{\rm el}(S) \) denote the ground state energy of the system with total spin \( S \). The Mattis--Lieb theorem asserts that, for a broad class of potentials \( U \), the inequality \( E_{\rm el}(S) < E_{\rm el}(S') \) holds whenever \( S < S' \). This result implies that the ground state of a one-dimensional many-electron system is non-ferromagnetic. In the present work, we demonstrate that the Mattis--Lieb theorem can be extended to electron-phonon interacting systems governed by the Fröhlich model. Our analysis is carried out in the setting without an ultraviolet cutoff. The cornerstone of our approach is the construction of a Feynman--Kac-type formula for the heat semigroup generated by the Fröhlich Hamiltonian.

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