Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene

2013/04/01 by Andrea C. Ferrari, Denis M. Basko · 1 voice · 68 citations
Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Carbon Nanotubes in Composites #Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research #Graphene research and applications #cond-mat.mtrl-sci

paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.46

published as Nature Nanotechnology 8, 235 (2013) · main text + supplementary information

crossref issued 2013/04/01 · crossref published 2013/04/01 · crossref published-print 2013/04/01 · openalex publication_date 2013/04/01 · crossref published-online 2013/04/04 · crossref created 2013/04/04 · arxiv created 2013/06/25 · arxiv updated 2015/06/16 · crossref deposited 2023/05/18 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/02 · crossref indexed 2026/08/03

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is an integral part of graphene research. It is used to determine the number and orientation of layers, the quality and types of edge, and the effects of perturbations, such as electric and magnetic fields, strain, doping, disorder and functional groups. This, in turn, provides insight into all sp²-bonded carbon allotropes, because graphene is their fundamental building block. Here we review the state of the art, future directions and open questions in Raman spectroscopy of graphene. We describe essential physical processes whose importance has only recently been recognized, such as the various types of resonance at play, and the role of quantum interference. We update all basic concepts and notations, and propose a terminology that is able to describe any result in literature. We finally highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy for layered materials other than graphene.

Citations

• Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes
• Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects
• Phonon Dispersion in Graphite
• Two-dimensional atomic crystals
• Optical Measurement of the Phase-Breaking Length in Graphene

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• Charge Versus Energy Transfer in Atomically Thin Graphene-Transition Metal Dichalcogenide van der Waals Heterostructures
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Discussions

• Graphene which has many applications is well characterized using Raman spectroscopy. Check out these papers. doi.org/10.1038/nnan... [bsky, 0 points, 3 comments]

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