2025/04/17 by Charles‐Emmanuel Dutoit, Raffaella Soleti, Jean‐Marie Doux +5 · 1 voice
Engineering · #Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies #Advanced Battery Technologies Research #Advancements in Battery Materials
paper · pdf · doi:10.5194/mr-6-113-2025
openalex publication_date 2025/04/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
Usually, conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging employ a microwave cavity operating at X-band, i.e., with an excitation frequency of around 9.6 GHz, and this remains the most popular mode for the magnetic characterization of lithium batteries to date. Here, we provide the first low-frequency EPR investigations with respect to monitoring the metallic lithium structures in solid-state pouch cell batteries. We show that L-band, i.e., a microwave frequency of around 1.01 GHz, is an invaluable method to probe the electrode components directly through a standard pouch cell using aluminum-laminated film for packaging without opening the battery. These results offer a new approach for monitoring the nucleation of micrometric and submicrometric lithium particles, such as dendritic lithium structures, and is an important step in the development of reliable solid-state batteries.