2024/07/01 by Roberto Baltodano‐Arellano, Daniel Huaman-Carrasco, Kelly Cupe‐Chacalcaje +9 · 1 voice
Medicine · #Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus #Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments #Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/ehjimp/qyae085
openalex publication_date 2024/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a condition that predominantly affects native or prosthetic heart valves, which is currently on the rise due to the increase in invasive cardiology procedures, such as the utilization of cardiac implantable electronic devices and transcatheter interventions. The recommended imaging tests for diagnosis are 2D transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) and 2D transoesophageal echocardiography (2D TOE). However, these modalities present limitations in detecting vegetations and estimating their dimensions. These disadvantages can be overcome by 3D transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE), particularly with the multiplanar reconstruction tool, which allows for the visualization of infinite valve planes, thus optimizing the detection of lesions and precise measurements. Furthermore, the volume rendering provides insight into the anatomical relationships between lesions, which is particularly useful for surgical planning. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of this recent imaging modality in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic of IE. Finally, we present a collection of images that illustrate the use of 3D TOE tools.