2025/06/09 by Lalitagauri M. Deshpande, Timothy B Doyle, Hélio S. Sader +1 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria #Nosocomial Infections in ICU #Infections and bacterial resistance
paper · doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2025.06.002
openalex publication_date 2025/06/09 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Objectives Enterobacterales isolates producing β-lactamases are widespread and threaten the use of β-lactams. This study evaluated the activity of aztreonam-avibactam and comparator antimicrobial agents against Enterobacterales isolates producing common β-lactamases collected in US hospitals. Methods A total of 18,148 Enterobacterales isolates collected during 2020–2021 in US hospitals (n=71) were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. A total of 2,337 isolates were submitted to whole genome sequencing due to elevated cephalosporins/aztreonam MIC values or carbapenem nonsusceptibility (meropenem and/or imipenem MIC results at >1 mg/L). Results ESBL enzymes were observed among 1,430 carbapenem-susceptible E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and Citrobacter spp. isolates and CTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited all ESBL-producers while ceftolozane-tazobactam inhibited 68.4-95.9%. Aztreonam-avibactam inhibited >99.7% of the isolates regardless of the ESBL type or organism. Among other classes, amikacin and tigecycline were the most active agents, inhibiting 78.5% and 97.8% of the ESBL-producing isolates. All isolates carrying transferrable AmpC genes were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam, and 98.1% susceptible to aztreonam-avibactam, but only 83.3% were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Five isolates carried bla CMY-42 with a PBP3 insertion and they exhibited aztreonam-avibactam MICs ranging from 2-16 mg/L. Among carbapenemase-producers (n=157), aztreonam-avibactam, ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam susceptibility rates were 98.7%, 81.5% and 79.6%. The only comparator displaying activity against these isolates was tigecycline (93.0% susceptible). Conclusions New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors were active against common β-lactamase-producing isolates from US hospitals, including carbapenemase-producing isolates for which therapeutic options are limited. Aztreonam-avibactam was the most active agent against carbapenemase producers, including MBL-carrying isolates.