1975/10/31 by Vladimir I Arnol'd, Vladimir I. Arnold · 2 citations
Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory #Geometry and complex manifolds #Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
paper · doi:10.1070/rm1975v030n05abeh001521
crossref issued 1975/10/31 · crossref published 1975/10/31 · crossref published-print 1975/10/31 · openalex publication_date 1975/10/31 · crossref created 2005/11/08 · crossref published-online 2007/10/16 · crossref deposited 2024/10/03 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/03 · crossref indexed 2026/08/03
This paper contains a survey of research on critical points of smooth functions and their bifurcations. We indicate applications to the theory of Lagrangian singularities (caustics), Legendre singularities (wave fronts) and the asymptotic behaviour of oscillatory integrals (the stationary phase method). We describe the connections with the theories of groups generated by reflections, automorphic forms, and degenerations of elliptic curves. We give proofs of the theorems on the classification of critical points with at most one modulus, and also a list of all singularities with at most two moduli. The proofs of the classification theorems are based on a geometric technique associated with Newton polygons, on the study of the roots of certain Lie algebras resembling the Enriques-Demazure technique of fans, and on spectral sequences that are constructed with respect to quasihomogeneous filtrations of the Koszul complex defined by the partial derivatives of a function.