1975/01/01 by Elizabeth K. Adkins, Elizabeth Adkins · 1 citation
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Environmental Science · #Animal Behavior and Reproduction #Avian ecology and behavior #Plant and animal studies
paper · doi:10.1037/h0076406
crossref issued 1975/01/01 · crossref published 1975/01/01 · crossref published-online 1975/01/01 · openalex publication_date 1975/01/01 · crossref created 2006/06/08 · crossref deposited 2024/02/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/07/27 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/27
On the 10th day of incubation, Japanese quail eggs either were injected with testosterone propionate (TP), estradiol benzoate (EB), or oil, or were not injected. When sexually mature, all birds were examined for a variety of sexually dimorphic behavioral and physical characteristics, both masculine and feminine. They were then exposed to a short photoperiod (causing gonadal regression), treated with either TP or EB, and examined again. Either androgen or estrogen administered before hatching demasculinized males, but did not masculinize females or defeminize either sex. In contrast, early sex hormones masculinize and/or or defeminize mammals. This difference is discussed in relation to other differences in avian and mammalian sexuality.